A 14-50 is rated at 50 amps, but for a continuous load such as charging a car, it can only be used for 80%, or 40 amps.
Likewise, a 14-30 or 10-30 outlet is for a 30 amp circuit, but for continuous use, 80% or 24 amps is the maximum allowed.
You use the word "output", but I wouldn't use that word to describe an electric outlet. How much current is drawn is determined by the device plugged into the outlet. The outlet itself, and the wiring behind it, is just copper. There's no smarts there. If you plug in something that draws too much current, that is how much current will flow until either the circuit breaker trips or the wires overheat and catch fire.